Tension-type headaches are the most common form of headache. They are often described as feeling like a tight band around the head, causing dull, aching pain on both sides. These headaches are typically attributed to stress, poor posture, or tension in the neck and scalp muscles.

Stress management techniques and lifestyle modifications such as regular physical exercise and improved posture can help reduce the frequency and severity of tension-type headaches.

Migraines are characterised by intense, throbbing pain, usually on one side of the head. They can be accompanied by sensitivity to light and sound, nausea, and visual disturbances known as auras. Migraines can be triggered by various factors, including:

• hormonal changes
• certain foods
• stress
• environmental changes

Migraine management includes preventative and abortive medications, lifestyle adjustments, routine sleep patterns, dietary modifications, and stress reduction techniques.

Also known as medication-overuse headaches, rebound headaches occur from the frequent use of headache medication. Instead of alleviating headache pain, the overuse of medication can actually lead to the development of more headaches, creating a cycle that can be difficult to break.

The key to treating rebound headaches is to reduce or stop the overused medication under the guidance of healthcare professionals. A strategic plan to manage headaches without over-reliance on medication is also necessary.

Cluster headaches are rare but extremely painful. They are characterised by intense burning or piercing pain around or behind one eye. They occur in cyclical patterns or “cluster periods,” followed by remission periods where no headaches occur. Cluster headache management includes medications, oxygen therapy, nerve blocks, and lifestyle adjustments tailored to interrupt the cluster cycle and provide relief.

Sinus headaches are associated with sinus infections and are characterised by pain and pressure in the forehead, cheeks, and nasal area. They often accompany other sinus infection symptoms such as fever, nasal discharge, and facial swelling.

Treating the underlying sinus infection is key to relieving sinus headaches. Warm compresses and steam inhalation can also provide symptom relief.